Better understanding of tight junction regulation and factors affecting transport systems will allow the development of therapeutics to improve the BBB function in health and disease. Abstract The blood-brain barrier BBB is the specialized system of brain microvascular endothelial cells BMVEC that shields the brain from toxic substances in the blood, supplies brain tissues with nutrients, and filters harmful compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream.
The barrier is highly selective, meaning it only allows certain substances to cross from the bloodstream into the brain. This functions to protect the brain from toxins, pathogens, and even circulating neurotransmitters e. Only water, certain gases e.
It is thought that the central component of the functional anatomy of the blood-brain barrier involves tight junctions formed between endothelial cells, the cells that make up the interior surface of the blood vessels in the brain.
In other blood vessels throughout the body, there are spaces between these endothelial cells; small blood-borne substances can pass through such spaces and into surrounding tissues. The endothelial cells that make up the blood-brain barrier, however, are fused tightly together, which restricts passive diffusion across the blood vessel lining.
Projections from astrocytes also extend to the walls of the blood vessels that are part of the blood-brain barrier and often completely surround those vessels. Therefore, overcoming the difficulty of providing therapeutic drugs to specific areas of the brain is a major challenge in the treatment of most brain diseases.
However, new technologies have emerged to provide new ideas for breaking through the blood-brain barrier, such as nanotechnology and peptide drugs. Recently, researchers have been trying to construct liposomes loaded with nanoparticles to enter cells through the BBB. At the same time, the study found that peptides can also cross the blood-brain barrier through a variety of mechanisms.
These studies will lay the foundation for future research on neurological diseases and neuroscience. Skip to content Health News The blood-brain barrier BBB is a barrier which the passage of a substance carried by the blood t to the brain tissue. Figure 1. Pathways across the blood-brain barrier. High glucose downregulates glucose transport activity in retinal capillary pericytes but not endothelial cells.
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